Method of and apparatus for forming a web in paper making



A. J. HAUG METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING A WEB IN PAPER MAKING Filed July 14, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet I a, m\ 51. lu

Inventor.-

A. J. HAUG 1,708,724 METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING A WEB IN PAPER MAKING- April v9; 1929.

Filed July 14, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I 71 van lor:

Patented Apr. 9, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANTON J. HAUG, OF NASHUA, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING A WEB IN PAPER MAKING.

Application filed July 14,

i This invention relates to cylinder machines wherein a web of pulp or paper-stock may be formed on the outer face of the cylinder.

The main object of the invention is to pro vide methods and means whereby the speed of cylinder machines may be greatly accel erated, and, nevertheless, a uniform and perfectly felted web may be formed on the cylinder. v

This object is attained first, by providing means to impart to the stock, adjacent the surface of the cylinder, a rapid movement in the direction of travel of said surface, said means being capable of nice adjustment to 'vaiiv the velocity of the stock, as des1red; second, by providing means for slightly ag1tat ing the driven stock, whereby part of the stock fibers are turned from. a longitudinal, to a transverse, direction, with relation to the direction of travel, thus being prepared for proper felting on the cylinder surface;

third, by furnishing auxiliary means, in addition to the means commonly employed, for drying out the stock deposited on the face of the cylinder; and fourth, by supplying means to maintain a proper velocity of the stock at the outlet end of the machine.

In the drawings:

Figure 1' is a sectional end elevation of a machine embodying the principles of the m vention, said section being taken on line A-A of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal elevation of the same machine, showing means for reciprocating both tank and cylinder;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic sketch showing several features of the invention as applied, to

a machine having a cylinder of the usual construction Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic sketch of a machine having different means, within the spirit of the invention, for depositing the stock upon the surface of the cylinder.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of the sealing arrangement between tank and cylinder end.

Referring to the drawings, and first to Figs. 1 and 2 1 indicates a ta-nkadapted to hold a suitable volume of liquid stock, said tank be- 1922. Serial No. 575,077.

ing open at the top and preferably conformmg to the shape of the cylinder. The liquid stock is introduced into said tank thru inlet 2, which is supplied by pipe 2*, the latter being located at a sufficient distance from the walls of said inlet to provide for cases where the tank is reciprocated, as explained below. Inlet 2 is of suflicient height to permit the introduction of the stock under a considerable amount of pressure, which gives it the desired velocity, said velocity being variable by regulating the head of stock in the inlet. It is obvious that, by building up the head of stock in the inlet, sufiicient pressure may be produced to cause the stock in the tank to travel at a velocity equal, or substantially equal, to the speed of the surface of a.rapidly-rotating cylinder, thereby establishing an equilibrium between the speeds of the cylinder surface and stock, which prevents the stock fibers from being which exists whenever a cylinder is rotated I rapidly thru stationary stock, or stock having a velocity substantially less the cylinder surface.

Although the desired impetus is given to the stock, in the machine shown, by means of introducing same into the tank under a high head, when handling certain kinds of stock or stock of heavy consistency, the velocity of the stock may be accelerated by feeding pressure streams into the tank through pipes b and c, the latter being connected to flexible hose 6' and 0, respectively, to provide for possible reciprocation of the tank.

Ten or twenty years ago, the average speed of cylinder paper machines commonly employed was about sixty feet per minute. There is no indication that anyone succeeded in producing a successful machine of this type running faster than one hundred or one hundred twenty feet per minute. The average head on the stock supply in these machines was only a few inches, rarely more than three inches. Assuming a maximum head of six inches for these machines, the following calculations show -that with such low heads, the velocity of stock produced than that of does not nearly equal the velocity of rapidlyrotating cylinders, such as are sought by the paper-mills today. For example:

The formula to obtain the velocity of stock being 3 times the square root of 2 gh (where y is the coeflicient of velocity and g is the constant of acceleration due to gravity and equals 32.16 feet, and h is the head of stock, then 'With a stock supply of one to 2 per cent (at which consistency stock is usually supplied to these machines),

y equals approximately five-tenths.

With a head of six inches or five-tenths feet, we substitute these values 1n the above formula and obtain:

.5 square root 2X32.16 .5= .5X square root 3216:2835 feet per second or about-170 feet a minute.

This speed satisfied all the requirements of the ordinary slow and medium-speed machines. Only within a very few years have substantially higher speeds been used to keep pace with modern production. Present day Fourdrinier machines attain speeds of one thousand feet per minute and over, and in order to make cylinder paper machines compete with these high speeds, special and novel constructions have to be employed. The following. calculation shows that the head necessary to give a velocity of one thousand feet a minute must be eight and six hundred seventy-two thousandths feet, as compared with a head of five-tenths feet on the machines of older forms.

Velocity desired=1000 ft./m1n. or 16.7 ft./sec.

Velocity=yw square root 2g! 16.7=.5 X square root 2 X 32.16 X h h--16.7 squared divided by .5 squared e4.32=s.c72 ft.

3 denotes a cylinder mounted for revolution thru the liquid contained in tank 1, said cylinder being preferably constructed with a diameter of nine feet or over. making it much larger than the cylinders ordinarily employed in machines of this type. Cylinders of large diameter are required in fast-running papermachines in order that the stock fibers, floating in their liquid carrier, may remain in contact with the wire for a maximum length of time to allow formation of a strong sheet before emersion of the cylinder from the liquid. Cylinder. 3 is divided into air-tight compartments 4. A blower is arranged to suck the air out of compartments 4 through pipe d, arranged to slide in frame f (Fig. 2) during possible reciprocation of the tank, the suction thus produced drawing the water from the stock deposited on the surface of the cylinder thru the perforations thereof, whence said water flows out of the respective compartments and escapes thru one or both ends of the cylinder. Certain of compartorder that said suction may not act upon that portion of the cylinder surface where the stock-web is sought 'to be removed by felt 5,

carried by couch roll 6. Air may be blown into these latter compartments thru a pipe e having flexible joints, one end of which pipe is connected to valve a and the other end to the pressure side of the above-mentioned blower. This air current passes thru the perforations in the cylinder surface and assisting in the diversion of the stock-web from the said surface onto the felt.

The employment of suction in the interior of a cylinder, as in the construction shown, or other suitable constructions, is commonly found in save-alls and thickeners, but so far as I know, its use in cylinder paper Inachines, particularly of the fast-running type, whereon the ultimate stock-sheet is,formed, has the required elementof novelty.

7-7 are a pair of agitating devices mounted for revolution, by any suitable means, within the inlet, at the junction there of with the tank, and adapted to thoroughly agitate all the incoming stock immediately prior to its introduction into said tank. Other different means may be employed to prevent stagnation of the stock, a condition favoring the interlocking of the individual stock-fibers, which interferes with proper felting of the fibers and the formation of a uniform stock-web. Moreover, the arrangement of the outlet of a screen, Jordan or other previously employed machine, wherein the stock is well stirred, adjoining the intake of my machine, comes within the scope of the invention, which embraces all means, specially provided to insure adequate commotion in the stock, immediately prior to its introduction into the tank, in combination with the other novel featurcs'of the-invention set forth herein and claimed in the appended claims. 4

, The mouth of the inlet is adapted to be more or less closed, and the-volume. of stock entering the tank thus regulated, by sluice 8 provided with threaded rod 9 inserted in lugs 10 secured to the rear wall of the inlet, said rod being equipped with hand-wheel 11, the manipulation of which enables the sluice to be raised or lowered at will. 12 is an apron of rubber, or other soft material, extending from the front wall of the inlet, to which it is securely fastened, snugly down upon the cylinder and guiding the incoming stock downwardly into the tank. The bottom of the. tank is extended upwardly to form overflow 13. Lugs 14 and 15 in the rear tank wall, are connected, by threaded rods 16 and 17;respectively, with corresponding lugs 18 and 19 cast on slice 20, said rods being provided with respective handwheels 21 and 22. Adjustment of said handwheels causes the movement of slice toward the cylinder, or reversely, as desired, thercby opening or closing passage 23 for the excess stock and passage the regulation of said passages being adapted to conserve the head of stock in the tank,

which is utilized for giving the desired velocity to the stock, as well as for driving the water in the stock deposited on the surface of the cylinder rapidly thru the perforations thereof.

The excess stock passes thru exit 23, formed by overflow 13 and from the machine thru outlet channel 25, which may be arranged to return the escaped stock, with the supply, to the machine.

26 and 27 indicate horizontally projecting lugs secured to the bottom of the front and rear tank walls, respectively. Said lugs are adapted to carry respective wheels 28 and 29 which are arranged to run on corresponding rails 30 and 31. 32 is an eccentric mounted on a suitable su port and carrying arm 34 which is pivotally connected to the tank. Eccentric 32, driven from any suitable source of power, supplies a back-and-forth movement to the tank, which travels by means of the arrangement of wheels and rails described above. 1? (Fig. 5) denotes an inwardly-projecting'rin flange secured to the wall of tank 1 and 3 s ows a corresponding flan e cast on, or otherwise fastened to, the ends 0 cylinder 3. A mere working clearance is provided between these two flanges and flange 3 is designed to extend a considerable distance within flange 1 so that there is provided a water-tight seal at both ends of the cylinder during revolution thereof, together with possibility foradequate expansion and contraction of said seal during possible reciprocation of the tank relative to the cylinder.

Reciprocation of the tank by the means explained above causes a slightagitation in the rapidly-moving stock in the tank and turns part of the stock-fibers from a longitudinal direction, imparted to them by the current of the liquid in which they float, to a substantially transverse direction, with relation to the direction of travel, so that said fibers are deposited on the cylinder surface in a criss-cross arran ement, which insures proper felting.

very rapidly runn g cylinder paper machines, the movement of the tank, as described above, does not produce sufiicient agitation of the stock to prepare the fibers for proper felting .on the cylinder face. The greatly increased speed of revolution ofthe cylinder-41s compared with the speed of machines formerly employedgives the stock fibers an unusually strong tendency to assume an arrangement in the rapidly-flowing liquid, parallel to each other and to the cur- This tendency must be 24 for the stock-web, b

slice 20, whence it escapes.

compensated for by additional commotion of the stock produced by reci rocation of the cylinder, as well as, but in ependent of reciprocation of the tank. is may be one y means of eccentric 35, revolubly fastened to a suitable support and provided with arm 33, the other extremity of said arm being pzvotally secured to frame 37 which is arranged slidably on its support 38 and carries the journals of the cylinder, couch and other rolls employed on or near the cylinder surface. The driving of said eccentric, by any suitable means, causes said frame to slide back and forth on its support, imparting a reciprocating movement to the cylinder, couch and other rolls connected to said frame, whereby the desired agitation is produced in the stock in the tank.

39 is a dandy-roll, said dandy-roll being located with its surface in working proximity to the cylinder surface, at the point of emersion of said latter surface from the tank proper. Said dandy-roll is adapted to 0pcrate upon the stock-w'eb while the same is in a formative, and very Wet, stage, and to express water therefrom, without crushing said web. The Web is further dried by solid roll or rolls 40, located on a more advanced portion of the cylinder surface, said roll or rolls being con-' structed of a suitable material and so treated as to prevent it,.or them, from picking up the stock-web. The stock-web continues to ride on the cylinder face until it meets felt 5, running on carrier rolls 41 and 42 and couch roll 6, whereby it is diverted from thecylinder face and carried upon the felt to subsequent presser or drier rolls for further treatment.

Fig. 3 shows the application of several features of the invention to a cylinder of ordinary construction, said cylinder being denoted by 43. Here, the relation between the velocity of the -stock in the tank, produced by the head of stock in inlet 46, and the velocity of the rapidly-revolving cylinder face is maintained, by gate 47 adjustably held in joint 48 provided in the wall of tank 45, at a suitable proportion so that the cylinder face, emerging from the liquid stock in the tank, carries away substantially. all thestock it receives, as rapidly as it receives the same. wherefore no excessive stock is present and the provision of an overflow in such case is unnecessary.

The stock-web is dried out, in this machine, by the head of stock surrounding the cylinder, which exceeds the head of liquid maintained in the interior of the cylinder and forces the liquid thru the wire, leaving the fibers deposited thereon. The passage of the liquid thru the wire may be accelerated by lowering the head of liquid in the interior of the cylinder, and with very high speeds of the cylinder, it may be desirable to entirely do away with said head.

Dandy-roll 44 is employed upon the stockweb with similar results to those obtained by lit) the use of dandy-roll 39 in Fig. 1, the stockweb being subsequently transferred to the felt,

as in the former machine.

149 in Fig. 41s a feed chamber which 1s employed instead of a tank to receive a contmuous supply of stock under pressure, thru pipe 50. Feed chamber 49, which may be reciprocatcd by any suitable means, if desired, is provided with a nozzle having an upwardly curved lower lip- 51 fitted in close working proximity to the face of cylinder 52, and an upper lip 53 co-opcratingwith said lower lip to form a relatively narrow'slot, through which the stock is delivered upon the cylinder 'face in a stream of uniform depth. The

depth of said stream is variable by regulatin the width of said slot, this being accomplishe by raising or lowering upper lip 53 atits j ointed connection with the inlet.

54 is a solid roll, preferably constructed of such material that the stock-web may be pressed by the surface of said roll without being attracted thereto.

Figs. 3 and 4 are employed to show that the invention is not limited to any particular conrapid velocity; maintaining the stock fibers floating in their liquid carrier in contact with the wire until a strong, well-felted stock sheet is formed on the latter; and causing suflicient commotion in the rapidly flowing stock to prepare the fibers for proper felting on the cylinder face.

I claim:

1. A cylinder machine having means to impart to the stock a velocity equal, or substantially equal, to the rapid velocity of the surface of the cylinder, and separate means to agitate the rapidly-flowing stock.

2. A cylinder machine having means to adjust the velocity of the stock to equal, or substantially equal, the rapid speed of the cyl inder face, and means to reciprocate the cylinder.

3. A cylinder machine having means to re.-

' ciprocate the cylinder and means to establish an equilibrium between the rapidly-revolving, reciprocating cylinder surface and the stock, with respect to their velocities.

4:. A cylinder machine having means to send the stock to meet the cylinder surface under pressure equivalent to'that exerted by a head of stock substantially higher than the top of the cylinder, means to adjust said pressure to regulate the velocity of the stock in relation to the velocity of the cylinder surface and means to affect the rapidly-flowing stock with a. continuous series of cross-currents whereb the fibers therein are arranged in mutually iifering directions in the liquid.-

5. A cylinder machine having means to deliver the stock upon the surface of the cylinder under ahead of stock substantially higher than the top of the cylinder, and means to reand different means to cause axially-parallel movement of the cylinder.

8. A cylinder machine employing a tank supported on a plurality of wheels, and having means to move the tank bodily and continuously on-suitable rails in an axially-par- .allel direction in order to elfect a criss-cross arrangement of the stock fibers contained therein. 4

9. A cylinder machine having means to cause reciprocation of the cylinder, separate means to reciprocate the tank, and means to introduce stock within" the latter under a head substantially above the top of the cylinder.

10. A cylinder machine having, in combination, means to reciprocate the tank, and separate means to-reciprocate the cylinder.

11. A cylinder machine having, in combination, means to impart a back-and-t'orth movement to the tank, and means to reciprocatingl revolve the cylinder, whereby the stock fi ers are caused to deposit in criss-cross arrangement on the surface of said cylinder.

12. A cylinder paper machine with means to create suction in the interior of the cylinder to dry out the stock depositcdon the outer surface thereof, means for reciprocating the tank and means to reciprocate said cylinder independently of reciprocation of the tank.

13. In a cylinder paper machine employing suction to dry out the stock deposited on the surface of the cylinder, the combinationwith a stock inlet, of stock-agitators, compartments within said cylinder and a valve associated withsaid compartments.

14. A cylinder machine having means to supply the stock-"to the tank under pressure equivalent to that exerted by a head of stock substantially abovethe top of the cylinder 1 and means to agitate the stock immediately prior to its introduction into the tank.

15. A cylinder machine having stock-agitating means provided at the entrance to the tank, and means to reciprocate the cylinder. 1

16. A cylinderImachine having means to introduce the stock into the tank undera considerable head, and adjustable means to regusiderable head,

, cylinder, and

, equals,

late the stock current within said tank including an adjustable overflow outlet adjacent the lower quarter of the cylinder.

1 17. A cylinder machine introduce the stock into the tank'under a conmeans to conserve said head of stock within said tank and means to reciprocate the cylinder.

18. A cylinder paper machine having, in combination, means to introduce the stock into the tank under a head of stock substantially above the top of the cylinder, means to maintain the flow of stock concentric with the means to dry out the stock deposited on the cylinder face by suction.

19. A cylinder machine having, in combination, means to exert upon the stock in the tank pressure equivalent to that exerted by a head of stock substantially above the level of the stock in the tank, means to produce slight agitation in the rapidly-moving stock, whereby the stock fibers are caused to assume a criss-cross arrangement, and means to cause the fibers to deposit on the surface of said cylinder in said criss-cross arrangement, and one or more rolls to dry said fiber sheet prior to its removal from the cylinder surface.

20. The process of forming a paper-stock web in a cylinder machine by exerting pressure upon the stock equivalent to that produced by a head of stock substantially above the top of the cylinder, equalizing, or substantially equalizing, the rapid velocity of the cylinder surface and the velocity of the stock surrounding said surface, and maintaining their direction of travel parallel,

21. The process of forming a paper-pulp web in a cylinder machine which consists in flowing the stock in a tangential direction onto the making wire under pressure equivalent to that exerted by a head of stock substantially higher than the top of the cylinder, said pressure being variable to cause the velocity of the stock to equal, or substantially equal, the rapid velocity of said wire.

1e process of forming a paper-stock web in a cylinder machine which consists in imparting a rapid movement to the stock surrounding the cylinder, adjusting the speed of saidcylinder so that its surface speed or substantially equals, the velocity of the stock, While maintaining the direction of flow parallel to the cylinder surface, and

- slightly agitating the rapidly-moving stock to felt the same.

23. That improvement in the process of forming a paper-stock web in a cylinder machine Which consists in introducing the stock into the tank under a head substantially higher than the top of the cylinder, agitating said stock in said tank, and employing suction in the interior of the cylinder to dry the stock deposited on the outer surface thereof.

24. In acylinder paper machine, the comhaving means. to

bination with a tank, of a revoluble cylinder therein, and one or more pipes communicatmg with the interior of said tank, intermedithe tank.

25. A cylinder paper machine in which the 111 a direction at right angles to its normal direction of travel, preparatory to its deposit upon the web-forming surface.

26. In a cylinder paper machine employing a tank, means to move the tank continuously in a true horizontal plane.

27. In a machine for handling paper stock or other material suspended in liquid, the combination with a tank, of a revoluble cylinder therein, means to introduce liquid stock into the tank under pressure equivalent to that exerted by a head of stock substantially higher than the top of the cylinder, whereby to create a relatively swift current in said stock, and means to prevent retardation of said current at the outlet side of the tank.

28. In a cylinder paper machine, the combination with a tank, of means to introduce liquid stock into the tank under pressure equivalent to that exerted by a head of stock substantially higher than the top of the cylinder, whereby to create a relatively swift current in said stock, means to maintain the swiftness of said current toward the outlet side of the. tank, and means to prevent the swiftly-moving stock from splashing up upon the un'submerged portion of the cylinder at both the ascending and descending sides thereof.

29. In a cylinder machine for paper stock or similar material, the combination with a cylinder, of a stock inlet, means to deliver the stock to the cylinder surface under pres-- sure equivalent to that exerted by a head of stock substantially higher than the top of the cylinder, a flexible member attached to the lower edge of the inlet and contacting with the cylinder face, an adjustable stock-restricting member at the opposite side of the cylinder and an adjustable overflow for excess stock.

30. In a cylinder machine for paper stock or similar material, means to deliver stock to the tank, a closure to prevent upward travel of any of the incoming stock, and an outlet for excess stock situated below the point of emergence of said cylinder from the stock in the tank.

81. In a cylinder machine for paper stock or similar material, the combination with a tank, of means to supply stock to said tank, means to restrict the level of the stock in said tank adjacent the ascending side of the cylinder to Withdraw excess stock from the tank.

32. In a cylinder paper machine, the combination with a stock inlet adjacent the descending side of the cylinder, of a stockside of the cylinder and an outlet for excess stock located below said stock-restrictingmember.

33.- In a cylinder machine for paper stock or similar material, means to move the cylinder continuously in a direction Substantially at right angles tothe normal direction of the stock flow and one or more streams of liquid 1,7osf124 entering said tank intermediate the inlet and 1 outlet thereof.

34. In a cylinder machine, the combination with a tank, of means to impart a rapid velocity to the stock within said tank and means to prevent the upward movement of liquid 15 stock in said tank above the walls thereof at both inlet and outlet sides of the tank.

' ANTON J. HAUG. 

